Thursday 31 October 2013

Tank Attack in Jobar (Part 2)



http://www.youtube.com/v/db7hCVzdZYQ?version=3&list=UU0-BJmmq9v7sDwoEM5Xao8Q&feature=share&autoplay=1&autohide=1&attribution_tag=eaA_K58Xuwf0E9O6HrBNzw&showinfo=1


Syria Update: Tank Attack (Part 2)


This is Jobar town, a suburb in the east of the city of Damascus. As it was reported in the previous first part of this combat fighting episode, shortly after the preemptive artillery strike by the Syrian army, Syrian battle tanks moved in and began engaging their respective targets – Al-Nusra Front terrorists, who occupied this historical neighborhood in the outskirts of Damascus – from two different directions. In this alley, the entrenched militants were effectively using underground tunnels for covert movement to get into the buildings on the right side of the street, as a network of well-equipped underground passageways connected all the ground structures on both sides of the alleyway. Constant reinforcements and ammunition supplies were provided via those underground passageways, thus significantly bolstering the terrorists' defense efforts in this area.

After a short period, the Syrian infantrymen had a number of wounded soldiers. At this moment, the battle tanks were supposed to assist the evacuation of the wounded by providing cover to their troops as the infantrymen were taking their wounded comrades from inside the buildings and to the Rescue-Evacuation Vehicle.

The Rescue-Evacuation Vehicle – a BMP-2 Infantry Combat Vehicle converted into an armored evacuation ambulance vehicle – had already arrived and was waiting for the injured. It was important not to let the militant fire disrupt the rescue mission in progress.


The infantrymen were constantly being fired upon from one of the buildings on the right side of the street. Every time the Syrian battle tanks moved into their firing positions, the militants would step back deeper into the structures or hide themselves in the basements. But as soon as the tanks would move back out of the battle area, the militants always resumed their firing upon the infantrymen, who were supposed to be coming along with their wounded out of the building on the opposite side of the alley.


One after another, mortar bombs – launched by the terrorists from the depth of the Jobar neighborhood – were hitting the buildings around on both sides of the alleyway. The tanks finished their firing upon the enemy positions and started moving back, using their own armor and smoke screening to cover the evacuees.


Evacuation of the wounded is prioritized on the battlefield. Many times, we have been witnesses to how wounded Syrian soldiers were receiving their emergency medical treatment within five or ten minutes after having being wounded. Twenty minutes is usually how long it takes to get a wounded soldier to emergency operating room.


Part of the building – which had posed so much problems to the Syrian infantrymen and subsequently had been pounded upon by the tanks – collapsed. Now, nobody would be bothering out of that rubble any more.


Since the building had partially collapsed, it was probable that the militants there have sustained certain losses. As soon as terrorist movement had been spotted behind a burnt-out tank nearby the collapsing building, one of the battle tanks immediately engaged the location.


The voice of a Syrian army commander: “To the right, behind the tank, that is the building. Further to the right! That is it! Faster! Shoot! Fire!”


Despite numerous fire strikes by the Syrian tanks, the militants disregarded their losses and were desperately trying to hold on to their defense positions. The reason was this defense area was very important to the terrorists. They were only 500 meters away from the downtown area of Damascus and mere three kilometers away from the Russian Embassy. In order to break through, 17000 militants had been summoned up, but their plans were ruined. Even so, their field leaders were sending in more and more fighters to be slaughtered.


A terrorist sniper was shooting from deep inside one of the buildings trying to hit the tank’s optical devices. The tank gunner did not take much of his time to return fire.


The Syrian army finally decided to relocate its main efforts to splitting terrorist defenses in Jobar from their defense lines in Zamalka, in order to stop ammo supplies and constant reinforcements to the terrorists in this area. Until then, it would be strictly positional fighting here.




Contributors: Marat Musin, Vasiliy Pavlov, Igor Nadyrshin, Victor Kuznetsov, Andrey Filatov.



ANNA-News Agency, Damascus.


Syria Update: Latest Events 29 October 2013



http://www.youtube.com/v/3lXbdiwmCIg?version=3&autohide=1&autohide=1&feature=share&showinfo=1&autoplay=1&attribution_tag=T6n1v8BbV3LTn0obvUUugw



Syria Update: Latest Events

29 October 2013

(translation)



Hama. Another munition-loaded truck had been stopped during road transport inspection by the Syrian army, not far from Al-Salamia town in the east of the Hama Governorate. The truck was used to transport an improvised rocket-launching system and a large number of rounds accompanying it. Beside the weapon and its ammunition, there were five Al-Unsra Front terrorists in the truck, who are in custody now. Investigation is underway.

Dara`a Governorate. A special counterterrorism operation has been performed in the province of Dara’a, resulting in deaths of all the members of a separate numerous group of terrorists, after they had attempted to attack a local military base of the Syrian Arab Army. This Al-Nusra Front-affiliated group was mostly made up of foreign mercenaries including citizens from certain Arab and North African nations as well as North Caucuses’ Chechens.

The militants were well equipped. The territory of the main battle area was strewn with small arms and light weapons, including Kalashnikov PKM machineguns, RPG grenade launchers, Israeli-assembled LAW (Light Anti-armor Weapon) rockets, Milkor MGL-MK1 lightweight 40 mm six-shot revolver-type grenade launchers (manufactured by Milkor (Pty) Ltd, a privately owned South African company), large quantities of ammunition, standard issue manufactured and improvised hand grenades, and most sophisticated communications equipment.

Homs. Security checks and inspections by the Syrian army have continued in the previously freed town of Sadat in Homs province – a place famous for its ancient history as the town is even said to have been mentioned since Biblical times. As the Syrian army troops have entered the place, they have encountered a scene of total devastation and ruin in this township’s streets, in its dwelling houses, administrative buildings, stores, and its only school. The terrorists had looted everything. Local St. Theodorus Church had not escaped the like fate, either. The terrorists had looted its property – including its altar – and destroyed the ancient icons.

In eastern Homs, during safety road checkups, Syrian army sappers have discovered a remotely controlled minefield, set up along the roadside by terrorists. The minefield was made up of a dozen of high-powered improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The road inspections continue.

Deir ez-Zor. A group of terrorists have been ambushed in the industrial neighborhood of the town of Deir ez-Zor, after Al-Nusra Front bandits had tried to break through. Syrian army Special Forces units killed all the militants in a fierce but short-lived fighting. Immediately after that fight, a large amount of small arms, ammunition, and terrorist military equipment has been removed from the area.

Edlip. Counterterrorism operation has continued in the province of Edlip. A small town of Ariha and a number of neighboring townships have been taken under full control by the Syrian army. The atrocities committed here by the terrorists were especially horrific. According to Syrian army soldiers, in that particular fighting, many bandits have been killed, receiving their well deserved retribution.

Now, that the area is controlled by the army, proper supply routes to the Latakia province are expected to be established. The town of Ariha resides on the pathway to the North-West of the country.




Contributors: Marat Musin, Igor Nadyrshin, Andrey Filatov, Victor Kuznetsov.

ANNA-News Agency, Syria.

Wednesday 30 October 2013

Syria: Good News-Bad News Joke


Good News - Bad News!

There is one reason why people in the Middle East often do not understand western-style humor... or prefer to conduct negotiations with the West in their native tongues... or should not take Americans' words at face value. At least not without a clearly spelled and officially recognized written document...


***

During one of the future peace talks between the U.S. and Syria, Barack Obama comes up to Bashar Al-Assad and tells him:
- My friend, while addressing you as a leader of an independent free Syrian nation, let me start in a traditional American informal way - with a joke. I have a good noose and a bad noose for you. Tell me please, which one would you prefer to be given? To begin with...

***

Tuesday 29 October 2013

Syria Update: Huseinie Has Seen Freedom

http://www.youtube.com/v/zxYdpYXcTCw?autohide=1&version=3&attribution_tag=M_KGDyAoqjIcChSF8UrI8g&autohide=1&autoplay=1&feature=share&showinfo=1


Syria Update: Huseinie Has Seen Freedom

(transcreation)


Huseinie district of Damascus province has been freed from terrorists just recently. This story is about how the life of a typical Syrian town is affected by the mere presence there of Islamist terrorists.

This hospital has just recently been freed of the militants. A large number of terrorists was killed here. It was Al-Nusra Front militants. There were many foreign mercenaries here. Those are the handwritings they had left upon the walls. This hospital will not resume its functioning in the near future.

This hospital was famous for its sophisticated equipment and highly qualified medical specialists. It had four standard operating rooms, five artificial-kidney units, 12-bed high-intensity care facility, two emergency operating rooms, endoscopy department, tomography room, and ophthalmology department, equipped with ophthalmic lasers. It is all in the past, now.

There is still the smell of medicine in the air. But inside it no longer looks like hospital. That is the kind of cultural advancement that the mercenary militants has brought in here.

As to the hospital’s main operating room, the militants have removed everything of value from here. Anything they could not take away from here was destroyed.

The Huseinie district hospital served this whole neighborhood. People used to come here for treatments. Now, this is all that is left of it, after the militants had visited it.

There is what used to be a dwelling house across the street from the hospital. The house is now connected with the hospital by an underground tunnel. The tunnel is too narrow so only one person could move through it at a time. But it could be used for planting an IED under the road, as well.

The tunnel runs under the road leading right across to the other side of the street. Bits of cables can been seen sticking out and hanging from the rugged sides and the roof of the narrow underground passageway, which hardly has enough room for one grownup person to fit in. Syrian army sappers have not checked the tunnel, yet. Therefore, it would not be safe to try it, right now. There still could be landmines in the tunnel, planted in it by the terrorists. Most probably, the militants had used the tunnel – connecting the hospital to the buildings on the other side of the street – for concealed movement, which must have allowed them to step up their resistance.

The house across from the hospital looks pretty much like a rabbit hole, furnished with this underground passageway leading from the hospital on the front side and several exit routs – leading in different directions – on the backside of the building. The terrorists had several exit routs carved out in different places, pretty much like ground rodents would do.

While fighting for the idea of global caliphate, the terrorists did not forget about chores that are more mundane. They took the fridges from the local private stores – which had been closed – and stockpiled all that equipment in this room. Most probably, they used to sell them for profit.

Next to the dwelling house, there is a school, which has also been looted and used for defense purposes by the terrorists. Just like the hospital nearby, this school was totally devastated. Thus proving once again that the militants bring total chaos along with them. Perhaps, from the militants’ point of view, there is no need in schools and hospitals: things just work themselves out…

The artistic impressions by the terrorists that can be found on the walls of the buildings are a horrible reminder of the scanty personalities that those people really are.

As we are moving on, the city scares us more and more with its devastation and dumbing emptiness. The city was not subjected to radioactive poisoning. Nevertheless, it reminds one of Pripyat in Chernobyl disaster. The streets are empty, there is no children laughter on the playgrounds, and total devastation everywhere.

The militants turned the basement of one of the dwelling houses into prison. Among the prisoners, there were not only the military men (police officers and Syrian army soldiers) but also local civilians, who were kidnaped for ransom or trade.

This is the prison cell where the militants used to keep imprisoned military personnel and those of the civilian captives, which they had any interest in. The militants would usually use their prisoners to exchange them for someone else or sell them for profit. The prisoners were simply held in this rather cold and damp basement.

One of the cells in the basement was used as an interrogation room, which looks more like a torture chamber. Car tires are said to have been used as torture instruments. The militants would put the legs and the head of a prisoner through the tire, then hang him up and beat on his legs and feet with hard plastic tubes.

There are plenty of traces of blood on the walls. Clear evidence of the militants’ interrogation room used as a torture chamber.

This is a fill-out form for those enrolling into the Free Syrian Army. Nearby, an argument for those who would object.

The building of the Regional Polyclinic seems to have been left intact mostly. However, all its equipment is gone. Idealism-minded fighters also needed money. In the name of their idealism they have been looting state-run and private property.



Marat Musin, Andrey Filatov, Victor Kuznetsov, Igor Nadyrshin.


ANNA-News, Damascus.

Краткая сводка о ситуации в Сирии за 28 октября 2013 года. +21

http://www.youtube.com/v/jHFtWpfEoyA?version=3&autohide=1&showinfo=1&autoplay=1&autohide=1&feature=share&attribution_tag=pq7rxlNa30168pKKSmffqQ




Syria Update: Latest Events
28 October 2013

(translation)

Damascus province. During one of its recent special counterterrorism operations, in the Al-Otaiba township of Damascus province, Syrian army has destroyed all the members of an isolated group of Al-Nusra Front terrorists – about 40 fighters – who had operated in the area. According to the information previously received by the Syrian army leadership, the neutralized terrorist group had been on the move from Al-Shabiha to rebel-held Eastern Ghouta. These terrorist group members were mostly foreign mercenaries, who had received their training in different drill camps and were well prepared.

In Kanaker area, at one of the Syrian army checkpoints, a suspicious truck was stopped during the routine security inspection procedure. A more careful examination revealed a large number of weaponries, ammunition, and large quantities of various types of landmines were discovered, stashed in the truck. The truck driver is in custody now and investigation is ongoing.

Homs. In Al-Sukna township of Homs province – not far from Palmira – another counterterrorism operation has been completed with a large number of Al-Nusra Front terrorists having been killed as a result. The terrorists were reported to have made an attempt to attack the town. Besides, several heavy machinegun-equipped vehicles and ammunition trucks have been destroyed, as well.

Al-Sukna residents were genuinely grateful to the Syrian army soldiers for their timely assistance and their heroism. The town dwellers said that the Syrian army soldiers had literally stopped a great disaster on the threshold of their home.

Al-Hasakah. Syrian army has continued thorough investigation in the area where illegal oil refining procedures were reported to have been adopted by the local terrorists to support their personal needs and as a source of additional revenue. The terrorists were forcing local residents to do the menial work in oil fields. In the course of inquiry, all related equipment is being destroyed on the spot.

Deir ezZor. Syrian army has continued its cleanup operation of the previously freed neighborhoods of Deir ezZor town.

Hama. A suspicious truck has been apprehended at one of the Syrian army checkpoints, in Hama province. Several bulky stashes of small arms, grenade launchers and ammunition were discovered in the truck, shortly afterwards. The driver has been taken into custody. Investigation is in process.

Damascus. Members of the International Commission of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) have continued their inspections in Syrian Arab Republic. Most of the chemical weapons production and storage facilities have been verified.


ANNA-News Agency

Contributors: Marat Musin, Igor Nadyrshin, Andrey Filatov, Victor Kuznetsov.


 Syria.  
 

Monday 28 October 2013

[Syria] Massacre at the mosque in Wadi Barada Damascus 25-10-2013




Syria Update: Latest Events
27 October 2013

Damascus province. Al-Nusra Front terrorists have continued perpetrating their crimes against peaceful citizens of the Syrian Arab Republic. The exact number of the victims of the ghastly terrorist attack that took place in town of Wadi Barada in Damascus province on October 25 2013 has been confirmed. Let me remind you that a terrorist suicide bomber detonated an extremely powerful car bomb that was parked nearby a local mosque, shortly after the end of Friday prayers, as people were coming out of the mosque.

Because of the extreme power of the explosion, ten people were killed on the spot and more than 60 received various injuries. Women and children were also among the injured. Several people from among the wounded are still in hospitals in critical condition.

Counterterrorism operations have continued in the province of Damascus to neutralize the Al-Nusra Front terrorists in the area. During one of the cleanup operations that took place in the suburbs of Damascus city, a large munitions stash has been found filled will quantities of small arms, ammunitions, including anti-tank F-1 grenades, and brand-new communications devices along with accompanying portable charging devices.

In the north of the Damascus province, Syrian army operations have entered their final stage in Htaitet al-Turkman town. Syrian Special Forces are carrying out thorough inspections of the areas freed earlier. A large number of explosive devices, which had been previously planted around the neighborhood by the terrorists have been found and disarmed.

Homs. Another car bomb was detonated by a terrorist suicide bomber in Al-Nuskha village in Homs province. The explosion ripped through the village’s most populated street in direct vicinity of the local dwelling houses. Six people were killed and about 40 wounded in the explosion. Some of the injured are still in hospitals in very critical condition, being dealt with by intensive care unit doctors. Because of the explosion, the nearby buildings and private properties of the local citizens have taken serious damages.

Counterterrorism operations have continued in the neighborhood area of the recently freed old township of Sadat, to eliminate Al-Nusra Front bandits in this area. In one of our previous reports, we already told about this small settlement, situated in the eastern part of Homs province. The town’s residents are for the most part Christians. As of now, Syrian army and local militia have fully secured the outskirts of the township.

The city of Homs has been incessantly bombarded by rocket and mortar attacks by the Al-Nusra Front terrorists, targeting the living quarters of the city. One of the mortar attacks has resulted in a missile hitting the flat roof of one of the multistoried buildings sparking a huge fire, which was quickly put out by a local fire brigade. Luckily, no one was hurt or injured during that terrorist attack. Although, the building itself and residents’ belongings have sustained considerable damages.


Contributors: Marat Musin, Igor Nadyrshin, Andrey Filatov, Victor Kuznetsov.

ANNA-News Agency, Syria.

Sunday 27 October 2013

Syria Update: Tank Attack in Jobar





Syria Update: Tank Attack in Jobar

26 October 2013



Jobar, which historically was a village on the outskirts of Damascus, is a suburb in the east of the capital city. Recently, it has been the site of fierce fighting. Syrian Arab Army soldiers have captured five of the local house buildings. As a result, the militants have been driven out of their previous defense positions they used to keep under direct fire the traffic on the 6th Tishreen highway.

Although, today an increased activity has been spotted on the militants’ side. That area – controlled by the militants – subsequently received a preemptive artillery strike by the Syrian army. In the course of the ensued tank battle, one tank of the Syrian Army was set ablaze by a missile; the tank driver was killed in the attack. The militants’ casualties’ number was about a hundred.

Shortly after the artillery strike, the tanks moved in into their firing positions and began engaging their respective targets. The militants used underground tunnels to get into the buildings on the right flank. A network of underground passageways interconnected all the structures on the right hand-side of the alley and part of the buildings on the left.

The SAA tanks crewmembers were engaging the enemy from both flanks. The Syrian army infantrymen, fighting inside the buildings, were relaying the target coordinates to the tank crewmembers. Inside the buildings, there were terrorist barricades the tanks were demolishing by firing at them directly through the buildings’ front walls.

The carcasses of the busses standing nearby the roadside served as good handy armor protection to the tanks against enemy missiles. The tank crewmember’s job was to fire and immediately pull back away from the line of fire.

Despite the heavy losses on their side, the terrorists would steadily put up their resistance. Replacing the dead, new militants keep coming in from Zamalka neighborhood. Ammunition was being supplied to them from that same area, as well.

Having finished engaging their respective targets, the two tanks moved away from the battlefield. Another pair of tanks moved in.

Given the tank fire intensity, coupled with tank crewmembers’ agility, it was impossible for the terrorists to fire upon the tanks. The militants’ grenade launcher operators were either too scared to look out for aiming at the tanks or perhaps they were being slain before they had a chance to shoot. For the militants, all that was left to do was cue in the fire of their mortars, which kept scattering bombs upon the Syrian army troops from inside the Jobar area.

Among the billows of smoke, it was important not to miss a terrorist grenade launcher. That is why good troop coordination was key. All the while, the infantrymen kept visual contact with the enemy troop movement, provided target data to the tanks, and engaged possible firing points of the terrorist grenade launchers.

After having fired all its rounds, one of the tanks would leave the battle scene. Another one then took its place. At that moment, the infantrymen had a number of their soldiers wounded. The tanks then would be supposed to provide cover to assist the evacuation process.




Marat Musin, Igor Nadyrshin, Andrey Filatov, Victor Kuznetsov.

ANNA-News Agency, Damascus.


Краткая сводка о ситуации в Сирии за 26 октября 2013 года






Syria Update: Latest Events
26 October 2013

Aleppo. Al-Nusra Front militants have continued their mortar and rocket attacks against peaceful neighborhoods of the local residential areas. In of one of their recent attacks, several mortar bombs ripped through Aleppo's main al-Jabari Square. Two men were killed as a result and thirteen others were seriously injured. Local buildings and city facilities have been partially destroyed and significant damage has been inflicted upon the property items of local civilians. According to Aleppo’s citizens – despite the terrorists’ endeavors to create an atmosphere of chaos, fear and insecurity – they intend to continue with their daily lives working in their city in full confidence that Syria’s lawful government and Syrian Army will be victorious.

International Commission of Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons has continued its work in Syrian Arab Republic. The OPCW experts are being given all necessary assistance in their jobs. All sites of chemical weapons production and stockpiling facilities are being made fully accessible for inspection. Particular attention is being paid to issues of personal safety of the Commission members.

Damascus province. SAA’s counter-terror operation against Al-Nusra Front militants has continued in Barza neighborhood of Damascus province. Thorough inspections of the previously secured areas are being carried out. During one such inspection, the Syrian Army soldiers have discovered a well-equipped lengthy and deep-running underground tunnel, which had been used by the terrorists for covert movement, ammunition and food supplies, and for the evacuation of the wounded. The SAA cleanup operation of the neighborhood continues.


Marat Musin, Igor Nadyrshin, Andrey Filatov, Victor Kuznetsov.

ANNA-News Agency, Syria 

Религиоведение и естествознание



Религиоведение и естествознание



Религия – это мироощущение, моральные нормы и тип поведения, которые основаны на вере в существование сверхъестественного мира или сверхъестественных существ — Бога или богов, определяющих судьбы людей, а также совокупность специфических действий (религиозный культ), обеспечивающих связь человека со сверхъестественными силами, и соответствующие (церковные) объединения и сообщества. Каждый крупный философ обычно предлагает более конкретную дефиницию, соответствующую его собственной системе…

Религиоведение – это комплексная относительно самостоятельная область знания, которая конституировалось на стыке общей и социальной философии, истории философии, социологии, антропологии, психологии, всеобщей истории, этнологии, археологии и других наук. Религиоведение изучает закономерности возникновения, развития и функционирования религии, её строение и различные компоненты, её многообразные феномены, как они представали в истории общества, взаимосвязь и взаимодействие религии и других областей культуры.

На кафедре религиоведения факультета истории, искусствоведения и востоковедения Лейпцигского университета религиоведение определяется так: «Предмет религиоведения суть систематическое исследование религии как части человеческой культуры и историческое исследование религий в прошлом и настоящем».

Итак, религиоведение, помимо всего прочего, включает в себя научные знания в рамках социологии, антропологии, психологии. Последняя, в свою очередь, связана с психофизиологией и нейрофизиологией, изучающих поведение человека с точки зрения психических и физических функций организма в их взаимосвязи и взаимообусловленности. Системная нейрофизиология имеет предметом своих исследований механизмы адаптивного поведения человека. В свою очередь, нейрофизиология связана с генетикой, молекулярной химией и микробиологией, которые являются классическим примером естественных наук, поскольку занимаются изучением механизмов управления поведением на основе моделей реальных физических сущностей и явлений в живом организме.



Как известно, естественно-научные знания - это знания о естественных законах природы. Условно всю совокупность научных знаний разделяют на три большие области: область естественно-научных знаний, область социально-научных знаний и область научно-технических знаний. Тем не менее, чёткой границы между этими областями не существует.

Религиоведение необходимо рассматривать с точки зрения совокупной цели науки, то есть открытия закономерностей и общих принципов. Что касается гуманитарного и социального познания, социологических и антропологическими методов изучения религиозности, то здесь представление о познаваемых закономерностях претерпевает определённые изменения. Тем не менее, следует помнить, что науки о духе также изучают общее и типичное, которое проявляется через индивидуальную (психофизиологическую) деятельность человека.

Необходимо учитывать новейшие разработки в области когнитивного религиоведения и психологии религии, которые подтверждают тезис о том, что провести чёткую грань между естественными, общественными и техническими науками в принципе нельзя, поскольку имеется целый ряд дисциплин, занимающих промежуточное положение или являющихся комплексными по своей сути.

Помимо религиоведения, на стыке естественных и общественных наук находится также экономическая география, а, на пример, на стыке естественных и технических — бионика. Социальная экология, в свою очередь, является комплексной междисциплинарной дисциплиной, которая включает как естественные, так и общественные и технические разделы.



Человек постоянно развивает своё знание об окружающей его природе и себе самом, подразделяя, почти инстинктивно, всю имеющуюся у него информацию на два раздела: на естественнонаучное (естественное в том смысле, что изучается природа как нечто внешнее по отношению к личности человека) и гуманитарное (касающееся непосредственно человека через его личностное восприятие окружающей действительности) знание.

Согласно А.А. Горелову («Концепции современного естествознания». 1998 г.), различия между естественнонаучными и гуманитарными знаниями заключаются в том, что познание, основанное на разделении субъекта и объекта, в первом случае уделяет особое внимание природе (природа-объект, которую познает человек-субъект), а во втором - к самому субъекту.



Конечно, в науке содержатся различные системы абстракции, которые несводимы и рассматривают действительность в разных плоскостях. Эти системы абстракции определённым образом соотносятся друг с другом, но не перекрывают друг друга. Поэтому невозможно полностью свести социальные явления к биологическим, биологические – к физико-химическим, а химические – к физическим. Более того, насколько мне известно, даже в пределах физики существует такого рода несводимость.

Единство науки выражается не в абсолютной редукции знания, а в выявлении сложных взаимоотношений между различными системами абстракций.



Тем не менее, следует отметить такую особенность современного естествознания как его тесная взаимосвязь с культурой, а через неё с философией. Мировоззрение современного человека определяется его представлениями о мире в целом, о природе как совокупности явлений и процессов, которые взаимодействуют между собой в строгом соответствии с принципом детерминации. При этом, человек является неотъемлемой частью этого природного мира! Наши мироощущения, моральные нормы и типы поведения органически связаны с тем или иным естественно-научным знанием.

Таким образом, современное естествознание является не только отдельным важнейшим компонентом науки, но и играет исключительную роль в становлении и формировании личности.